DataView 入门教程

DataView 查询语法

```dataview
<QUERY-TYPE> <WITHOUT ID> <字段>
FROM <来源>
<WHERE> <条件表达式>
<SORT> <排序依据 排序方式>
<GROUP BY> <分组依据>
<LIMIT> <限定显示记录数>
<FLATTEN> <拆分表达式>
```

QUERY-TYPE 展示方式

1. TABLE 表格

以表格的形式显示符合查询条件的文件清单和相关属性。

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  aliases as "别名",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
SORT file.cday DESC
```

2. LIST 列表

以无序列表的形式显示符合查询条件的文件清单。

```dataview
LIST
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
```

3. TASK 任务

仅以任务列表的形式显示符合查询条件的任务列表。

```dataview
TASK
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
```

4. CALENDAR 日历

以日历视图的形式显示查询结果，日历现在还有个 Bug，经常会显示两个重复月份的日历。

```dataview
CALENDAR file.cday
WHERE contains(file.name, "PicGo")
```
//必须加日期型的字段作为日历中的定位
CALENDAR file.cday
WHERE contains(file.name, "PicGo")

字段说明

1. 文件自带的属性

文件属性	字段类型	属性说明
file.name	Text	文件名
file.folder	Text	所在文件夹
file.path	Text	完整路径 + 完整文件名
file.ext	Text	扩展名
file.link	Link	链接至本文件
file.size	Number	文件大小 (bytes)
file.ctime	Date Time	创建时间
file.cday	Date	创建日期
file.mtime	Date Time	最后修改时间
file.mday	Date	最后修改日期
file.tags	List	文中的 #标签和 YAML 中的 tags
file.etags	List	文中的 #标签和 YAML 中的 tags
file.inlinks	List	反向链接
file.outlinks	List	正向链接
file.tasks	List	文中的任务列表
file.lists	List	文中的列表 (包含任务列表)
file.frontmatter	List	文件中的 YAML 块内容
file.starred	Boolean	加星

2. YAML 定义属性

: 之前的为属性名，直接使用，不需要 file.属性

3. 属性的字段类型

字段类型	表达方式	举例
Text	用 "" 括起来的字符	"这就是 Text 类型"
Number	由符号 + - 数字 0 ~ 9 和小数点 . 组成	-0.98
Boolean	只有 true 和 false 两个值，表示是与否	true
Date	由日期和时间组成，遵循 ISO 8601 标准格式为 YYYY-MM[-DDTHH:mm:ss.nnn+ZZ]	2021-04-18
Link	使用内部文件链接的链接	"内部文件链接"
List	有序/无序/任务列表	- 无序列表

查询实例

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  aliases as "别名",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
SORT file.cday DESC
```

FROM 数据来源

1. Tags 标签

```dataview
LIST
FROM #DataView 
```

2. Folders 文件夹

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  aliases as "别名",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
SORT file.cday DESC
```
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  aliases as "别名",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
SORT file.cday DESC
```

3. Specific Files 指定文件

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名",
  file.tasks.text as "任务名",
  choice(file.tasks.completed, "是", "否") as "已完成"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建/Markdown for macOS"
```

4. Links 链接

```dataview
LIST
FROM [[内部文件链接]]   
```
//查询 [[内部文件链接]] 被哪些文件链接，即入链

```dataview
LIST
FROM outgoing([[Markdown for macOS]]) 
```

5. Combing Sources 多重来源

即将 1、2、4 来源联合起来使用

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  aliases as "别名",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建" and outgoing([[Markdown for macOS]])
SORT file.cday DESC
```

WHERE 过滤条件

1. Text 类条件

1. 包含指定文本

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE icontains(file.name,"obsidian")
```

// contains(file.name,"obsidian") 大小写敏感
// icontains(file.name,"obsidian") 大小写不敏感

2. 不包含指定文本

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE !icontains(file.name,"obsidian")
```

3. 以特定文本开头

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE startswith(file.name,"Obsidian")
```

4. 以特定文本结尾

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE endswith(file.name,"COS")
```

5. 英文大小写转换

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE endswith(lower(file.name),"cos")
```

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE startswith(upper(file.name),"OBSIDIAN")
```

2. Number 类条件

1. 等于与不等于

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE number1 = 9
```

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE !(number1 = 9)
```

2. 大于或大于等于

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE number1 >= 8
```

3. 小于或小于等于

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE number1 <= 9
```

// 当文件 YAML 没有定义该属性时，该属性值默认为 0

4. 数字的四则运算

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE number1 - number1 <= 0
```

3. Date 类条件

1. 日期的格式化

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  dateformat(file.ctime,"HH:mm: ss") as "创建时间",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE file.cday <= date("2023-02-20")
```

//日期格式化通常只作为输出显示格式定义，不作为条件

2. 等于指定日期

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE file.cday = date("2023-02-19")
```

3. 大于等于指定日期

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE file.cday >= date("2023-02-19")
```

4. 小于等于指定日期

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE file.cday <= date("2023-02-20")
```

5. 常用的日期属性

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE file.cday.month = date(today).month
```

// year
// month
// day
// date (today)
// date (now)
// date (tomorrow)
// date (yesterday)
// date (sow)
// date (eow)

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE file.cday >= date(sow) and file.cday <= date(eow)
```

4. Boolean 类条件

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE file.starred
```

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE !file.starred
```

```dataview
TASK
WHERE !fullyCompleted
```
// 如果本级任务未完成，下级任务已完成，会将下级已完成的一起显示

```dataview
TASK
WHERE fullyCompleted
```

Boolean 类字段的格式化，就是将 true、false 转换为更偏于用户阅读的是 / 否，或者是 yes / no

5. List 类条件

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE contains(tags,"DataView")
```

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE !contains(tags,"DataView")
```
// 如果 YAML 中没有定议 tags，则默认为空

6. Link 类条件

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE contains(file.outlinks, [[内部文件链接]])
```

```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
  file.link as "文件名称",
  dateformat(file.cday,"yyyy-MM-dd") as "创建日期",
  choice(file.starred, "是", "否") as "加星"
FROM "200-学习箱/210-知识库搭建"
WHERE contains(file.inlinks, [[Markdown for macOS]])
```

7. and 条件连接符

<条件1> and <条件2>

1. 只满足<条件1>，不会被显示到查询结果中
2. 只满足<条件2>，不会被显示到查询结果中
3. 同时满足<条件1>和<条件2>，会显示到查询结果中

8. or 条件连接符

<条件1> or <条件2>

1. 只满足<条件1>，会被显示到查询结果中
2. 只满足<条件2>，会被显示到查询结果中
3. 同时满足<条件1>和<条件2>，会显示到查询结果中

9. () 定义条件优先级

仅发生在需要同时运用 and 和 or 两个边接符时，才需要使用括号定义优先级

（<条件1> or <条件2>) and <条件3>

1. 只满足<条件1>，不会被显示到查询结果中
2. 只满足<条件2>，不会被显示到查询结果中
3. 只满足<条件3>，不会被显示到查询结果中
4. 同时满足<条件1>和<条件2>，不会显示到查询结果中
5. 同时满足<条件1>和<条件3>，会显示到查询结果中
6. 同时满足<条件2>和<条件3>，会显示到查询结果中
7. 同时满足<条件1>、<条件2>和<条件3>，会显示到查询结果中
仅发生在需要同时运用 and 和 or 两个边接符时，才需要使用括号定义优先级

（<条件1> and <条件2>) or <条件3>

1. 只满足<条件1>，不会被显示到查询结果中
2. 只满足<条件2>，不会被显示到查询结果中
3. 只满足<条件3>，会被显示到查询结果中
4. 同时满足<条件1>和<条件2>，会显示到查询结果中
5. 同时满足<条件1>和<条件3>，会显示到查询结果中
6. 同时满足<条件2>和<条件3>，会显示到查询结果中
7. 同时满足<条件1>、<条件2>和<条件3>，会显示到查询结果中

官方文档：

Dataview